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The link between aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and ulcerative colitis for firefighters and soldiers
AFFF foam is mixed with water and then sprayed by fire personnel over liquid fuel-driven fires–it works by suffocating the flow of oxygen that causes the blaze to eventually die down.
The lifeline of AFF reads like this:
- The substance was developed in the 1960s
- It was subsequently adopted by the Department of Defense for use on military bases in the 70s, which significantly increased its circulation.
The reason behind AFFF foam’s toxicity is because it contains two chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
These chemicals are sometimes referred to as “forever chemicals” because of their resistance to natural decomposition–which means that most of the time after a large fire is extinguished, the surrounding soil and water are significantly contaminated.
AFFF manufacturers face claims not only from injured firefighters, but also from civilians who were exposed to PFAS from pollution and runoff.
The per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in AFFF are responsible for the disruption of the mucosal barrier which is believed to play a key role in the onset of ulcerative colitis.
Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) manufacturers and product names
3M – Lightwater (Manufactured only PFOS-based foam. Completed a voluntary phase-out in 2002 in agreement with EPA.)
National Foam, Inc./ Kidde-Fenwal – Aer-O-Lite, Aer-O-Water, Centurion, Universal (Began producing fluorinated foams as early as 1965. Continues to manufacture AFFF and other fluorinated foams. Now a subsidiary of Kidde-Fenwal, a subsidiary of Carrier.)
Chemguard – Chemguard (Continues to manufacture AFFF and other fluorinated foams.)
Ansul/Tyco – Ansulite (Continues to manufacture AFFF and other fluorinated foams. Now a subsidiary of Tyco.)
Chemours – FM-200 (Continues to manufacture AFFF and other fluorinated foams. Former subsidiary of DuPont. Now a subsidiary of Kidde-Fenwal.)
Buckeye Fire Equipment – Platinum (Legacy AFFF) (Continues to manufacture AFFF and other fluorinated foams.)